Water On Mars The Signs Of Life

Water On Mars The Signs Of Life Mars! Hmmm. That doesn't quite have water on Mars!" The latter formulation sounds like a paradigm-buster. Mars was supposed to be a desert wasteland, lifeless, cold, with almost no atmosphere. But Monday NASA announced new evidence for seasonal liquid water on the surface of Mars — after teasing everyone with a press release Friday saying that a "major mystery" of Mars had been solved.

Herewith a few thoughts from a reporter who has been around so long he remembers when Mars had canals.

First, all hail the science here: This is remote sensing and analysis of a high order. The research behind NASA's big announcement uses spectroscopy, a nifty technique for analyzing chemistry at a distance by studying the quirks of reflected light. This research used an instrument aboard a spacecraft orbiting Mars.

[The cast of ‘The Martian’ quizzes real astronauts on life in space]

Just to be clear: The new paper does not report the direct detection of water. It reports the detection of chemical signatures consistent with molecules having been hydrated with liquid water. The picture is coming together nicely: Those dark, seasonal streaks are likely caused by seasonal flows of liquid, salty water.

This water on the surface of Mars doesn't mean astronauts are going to have a swimming hole. It's mostly about zero inches deep. Water can flow in sand. Perhaps it pools at the bottom of a slope — that would be cool. We're talking about recurring slope lineae, which, as The Post's Rachel Feltman puts it, looks like "the slow crawl and retreat of dark, damp sand."

[Mars find is not a "Eureka!" moment. Science is a grind-it-out process.]

The water appears seasonally on slopes warmed by the sun. It may come from liquid aquifers. Another possibility is that it may result from a chemical reaction of salts and atmospheric water. Mars turns out to be more humid than we knew, NASA's head of planetary science, Jim Green, told The Post in an interview.

Green said the new results are great news for future astronauts — like the Mark Watney character in the forthcoming movie "The Martian."

"Mark Watney could have taken advantage of this discovery," Green said.

Finding liquid water anywhere in the solar system is a huge deal, because the evidence for it has been so limited, and life as we know it depends on liquid water. "Follow the water" has been an astrobiological mantra. This may seem slightly narrow-minded, in that one could imagine alien life of a completely different chemical nature, but even the most imaginative thinkers, such as Carl Sagan, were water chauvinists and carbon chauvinists.

Liquid water is extraordinarily handy as a medium for biochemistry, and H2O, though rare in liquid form, is a common molecule in the cosmos. Carbon forms complex molecules that are stable at a range of temperatures. Again, common stuff. Life as we know is not made of exotic materials, but of the common stuff lying around everywhere. You would expect alien life to have properties similar to life on Earth. Thus finding liquid water is a big deal from an astrobiological perspective.

NASA confirms new evidence of water on Mars

But let's not get carried away by the rip-current of hype that naturally forms around any big science announcement involving Mars. This planet has been fooling us for more than a century. There were not canals after all. There was not seasonal vegetation. The Viking mission in 1976 initially produced what seemed to be positive results in experiments looking for life, but the scientists, even life-loving Sagan, eventually concluded that the surface was sterile. There's methane in the Martian atmosphere, but no one knows if its biological or non-biological in origin.

[Why can’t we just send our rovers to look for life on Mars?]

NASA did not time the Monday announcement with the movie premiere, Green said. John Logsdon, professor emeritus at George Washington University's Space Policy Institute, said he thinks that is true, because the new result was going to be announced at a planetary science conference. Logsdon did think NASA hyped the result a bit, however.

"Calling it a big mystery, I think, was over-hyping," Logsdon said.

Why does NASA do that?

"Preparing for humans-to-Mars is the rationale for NASA's human spaceflight program," he said. "So in order to have the public support needed to sustain the program,  they fall into the long-established pattern of overselling.”

NASA is, in fact, working on critical pieces of what could be needed for a human mission to Mars -- someday. NASA is building a jumbo rocket, but it would have to be upgraded for a Mars mission, with a more powerful upper stage. The new Orion capsule is built for missions lasting 21 days, so you can't get to Mars in that. New hardware needed. Hardware costs money. NASA has been making due with a flat budget for a long time. Budget is mission-critical. Of all the obstacles to a humans-to-Mars mission, the budgetary challenges may be the most serious.

There are also some key technical issues that need to be resolved, not least of which is how to land a heavy payload, with humans, on Mars without creating a new crater. Mars has an unhelpful atmosphere: Too thin to slow you down very much with parachutes, but thick enough to burn you up if you enter at high speed with inadequate shielding. The genius engineers will probably figure this out — Elon Musk at SpaceX is already on the case. Could Elon get to Mars before NASA? As Logsdon puts it, "I don't under-estimate Elon."

By the way: The much-hyped Mars One endeavor is essentially a reality TV show that lacks a serious plan, adequate funding, or  hardware. Mars One will never put a person on Mars. You can get the straight dope on this from space policy expert Dwayne Day.

Logsdon co-chaired a workshop that produced a new report calling for an orbital Mars mission in 2033 and a Mars landing in 2039.

Logsdon told us this morning:

"The issue is whether the next president provides the start-up funding for the next pieces of hardware that are required to do this. and at what point do we stop spending $3 billion a year on the space station."

A humans-to-Mars NASA mission, he said, "is not real until more hardware is built and the money that’s required to actually execute the mission becomes available. And those are decisions for the next president.”

He goes on:

I think that there is a consensus that, if we're going to continue government-funded human spaceflight, at some future point there will be an attempt to send humans to Mars, provided that the remaining uncertainties are taken care of, like radiation, and the ability of people to get out there and back without killing each other — fighting in the dugout or whatever.
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Best Natural Skin Care And Glowing

Best Natural Skin Care And Glowing,Everyone wishes to have a glowing and flawless skin.
Lets have look at how we can have a naturally glowing skin through natural and simple methods.

Best Skin Care Natural Way

Pumpkin Seeds
One of the best foods for naturally glowing skin is pumpkin seeds. They are loaded with several healthy nutrients that are essential to keep your skin young looking, impeccable and glowing, such as anti-oxidants, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals and omega 3 fatty acids. Vitamin E found in pumpkin seeds acts as a powerful antioxidant for improving the skin tone, while vitamin A trigger the formation of new skin cells. Apart from the crucial vitamins, pumpkin seeds contain sufficient amount of minerals that facilitates your skin cells combat against harsh UV rays environmental pollution and promote the collagen production. Omega 3 fatty acids maintain thenatural moisture of skin.

Tomatoes

Tomatoes are one of the most-utilized kitchen ingredients that is widely used in several dishes. However, most of us are unaware about wonderful beauty benefits of this fruity vegetable. Tomatoes are excellent source of vitamins such as A, C and K. These all vitamins do wonder to keep your skin smooth and even as like a baby’s skin. In addition, tomatoes contain high amount of lycopene to slow down the aging process and provide you extreme protection against skin-damaging factors like environmental pollution and ultraviolet rays. Enough consumption of tomatoes ensures lower risks of skin cancer.

Blueberries

Latest research indicates the amazing benefits of blueberries for glowing skin. This low-calorie fruit is packed with abundant skin-friendly nutrients including vitamins (A, B Complex & C), antioxidants and phytochemicals. When consumed in right doses, blueberries facilitates in treating several skin disorders such as occurrence of wrinkles and fine lines, broken capillaries, acne and existence of free radicals in skin cells. Concluding this, we can say that including blueberries in daily diet plan is the safe and effective way to have radiant and glowing skin.

 Green Leafy Vegetables

Green leafy vegetables are packed with high amount of vitamin A & E, which both have unbelievable health benefits for skin. Vitamin A plays a significant role in maintaining sebum-secretion levels, regenerating the skin cells as well as strengthening the skin’s protective tissue. Vitamin E protects enhances the productions of collagen, which maintain the natural elasticity and suppleness of skin. Folate, another vital nutrient found in green vegetables, also helps in production and regeneration of skin cells.

Dark greens are rich in beta-carotene that is well-known for its powerful antioxidant properties to renovate and repair the skin. The worthwhile skin care advantages of green vegetables are not ended here. Lutein found in the green vegetables protects the skin cells against the sun damage in addition to improving the skin elasticity. Furthermore, green vegetables contain vitamin C in high quantity. Vitamin C assists the body produce collagen and help you keep your skin soft and suppleness for long time.

Carrots
Carrots are liked by everyone thanks to their delicious flavor. This all-favorite vegetable offer several health benefits for skin and hair. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins (A & C), minerals and beta-carotene, which all work excellently to keep your skin well hydrated, maintain the skin elasticity and prevent the skin pigmentation and wrinkles. Regular consumption of carrots is most beneficial for getting rid of age spots and freckles.

Cleansing is Must

If you do wear makeup daily or not, it’s vital to offer some time daily to carefully clean your face, if at all possible with a creamy cleanser that won’t slip your skin of its natural moisture. Though it doesn’t appear as a big deal, if you don’t removing makeup during sleeping particularly all over the place the eyes, usually it causes inflammation and irritation.

Increase The Level of Collagen

Collagen is such the protein that supports skin keep on its elasticity, is essential for upholding young and glowing look. Though, skin mislays its tone by age as collagen wears downcast, follow-on in those undesirable fine lines. However, with vitamin A you can upsurge the collagen in your skin.

Hydrate Yourself Well

Always begin and end your day with cool, crisp water. But don’t just stop there. Skip the sugary drinks and have water by your side at all times. Not only will it quench your thirst, but it will always keep your skin hydrated and supple.

Put On The SPF
Specialists say your 40s are the accurate time to start using retinol even though you haven’t initiated even now, however there is one product you must be smearing on every day; it’s not concern to your age.  It’s good to use SPF 30 every day in your mature age.

Exfoliate
Exfoliation is really an amazing tip to keep clean and fresh your skin, you have to make a routine of scrubbing daily in mature age. It’s just as essential to appliance scale off once a week to get rid from dry, bumpy spots that highlight wrinkles.

Apply Eye Cream Thoroughly
Beside the use of sunscreen, experts recommended it’s entirely significant to smear eye cream every night because the subtle skin around your eye is the skinniest layer of skin on your body, to avoid   the dryness you have must to take much of hydration to stopover tightness around the eye area.

Use Moisturizer Daily
Always try to keep your skin moisture especially at the age of 40s.  Apply a good moisturizer twice a day and specifically before going to bed.  As it keep your skin soft and supple.

How to Lose Weight Beautiful UK Girls

How to Lose Weight Beautiful UK Girls,If You Already Try Different Method Don't Worry Need Every Girl See Smart And Good Look  you can take to make your face look thinner. Read on to learn more.

Losing Weight Makes Your Face Thinner

If you're overweight or obese, you can lose weight from your face by losing weight in general. Usually, excess body fat disappears first from the face. If you're wondering how to lose weight from your face, and you have excess body fat, the best thing to do is to get to work burning that excess fat off. Eat a healthy, low-fat diet and get plenty of aerobic exercise.

Reduce Your Salt and Sugar Intake

Many nutritionists believe that weight gain in the face is the result of water retention, rather than body fat on the facial area. Refined sugar and salt in your diet contribute to water retention, and can make your face look fatter. Lose weight from your face by cutting salt and refined sugars out of your diet. Eat a low-salt, low-fat diet rich in lean meats, fruits, vegetables and whole grains.

Drink Plenty of Water

If you're not drinking enough water, you're more likely to retain water. That's because your body may believe that there isn't enough water available to meet your fluid needs, so it desperately stores excess water to stave off dehydration. Most of this retained water stays in your face, making your cheeks and eyes look puffy and fat. Drink at least 64 ounces of water per day to prevent water retention due to dehydration.

If you're having problems drinking that much water, eat more fruits and vegetables as well. Fruits and vegetables contain water, to help keep you hydrated. They also contain vitamins and minerals for good health. The fiber in fruits and vegetables helps keep you feeling full longer, making it easier to cut down on salty, fatty and sugary foods.

Check Your Medications

Many medications, both prescription and over-the-counter, can contribute to facial water retention. If you're trying to lose weight from your face, reduce or eliminate your use of over-the-counter drugs, which can contribute to facial water retention. If you're taking prescription drugs, talk to your doctor about prescription options that won't cause water retention and facial puffiness. Of course, you should keep taking any drugs your doctor feels are necessary, even if they do cause water retention.

Avoid Alcohol

Alcohol is another common culprit when it comes to facial weight gain. Alcohol contributes to dehydration, and therefore to water retention and facial puffiness. Alcohol also contains lots of empty calories, mostly from sugar, so if you're trying to lose weight from your face, or from the rest of your body, drinking alcohol is a no-no.

Do Weight Bearing Exercises

Weight bearing of strength training exercises increases muscle density. This boosts your metabolism, because it means your muscles need more energy to function, even when you're not using them. Strength training exercises help you lose weight and keep it off. They can even strengthen and tone your facial muscles, even without engaging them directly.